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He had fixed up only one car before undertaking that maiden Tesla resurrection in 2016. But there’s one myth which has been more effective and more pervasive than any of these—the long tailpipe theory. There would be time to idealize everything later—the first step was to figure out how to make the car fast, sturdy, and most importantly, affordable. White. But unlike the world of species, which is the eternal Wild West, human societies have another factor in play—a god-type force called government. Depending on the vehicle, the back-and-forth motion of the piston can do different things. Digging into another part of the story brought me to the end of World War I. Scrips: Graphics Gallery 1 petajoule = 1 quadrillion joules. It will change people’s perception perhaps, but it will not in and of itself change the world. Money and brains poured into car technology from all over the world, and in 1908, Henry Ford and his five-year-old company came out with the car that launched the automotive industry into the stratosphere: The Model T.26. Over time, that lost carbon adds up. When the Industrial Revolution got going, the British started digging—they were gonna need a lot of coal. This is what those labs think will happen if no action is taken to alter the current trends in CO2 emissions:10. That will cause a furious rush to develop renewable energy technology, but it may be too late at that point to prevent a worldwide economic meltdown. Compare that to the whole picture of over 80 million cars sold worldwide annually and over a billion total cars on the road. But those carbon molecules have gone a long way too. It’s also the worst culprit for CO2 emissions, releasing about 30% more CO2 than the burning of oil and about double that of natural gas when generating an equivalent amount of heat.4 The US is to coal as Saudi Arabia is to oil, possessing 22% of the world’s coal, the most of any nation. Now imagine that instead of the steam spewing out through the nozzle, you connected the nozzle to a tube, which directs the bursting steam into an empty cylinder and then finally releases it. Those three guys, who included Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning, had come up with the idea of licensing AC Propulsion’s technology and bringing it to market themselves as a new company called Tesla Motors19—but to make any of this real, they needed money. So GM and the other companies did their best not to sell their electric cars, to show how little the world wanted them and how big a failure the California mandate was. With the new ability to transport many more goods and materials, much farther away, much more quickly, and to far more efficient factories, the Industrial Revolution ignited in full force. They called this explosion fire, and because the joules that emerged were in the useful-to-humans formats of heat energy and light energy, burning things became a popular activity. The UN-supported Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a group of 1,300 independent scientific experts from a bunch of different countries, came out with a report that laid out the temperature projections of a number of independent labs. Actually: The grid is sized for the worst second of the worst day of the worst year—so there’s usually a lot of excess capacity. When crude oil is extracted, it heads to the refinery, where it’s separated, using different boiling points, into a bunch of different things. A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another, or multiple circuits.A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core. Instead of the tobacco industry and the cigarette companies who support it, you have the oil industry and the car companies who support it. You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site. The Gigafactory will make more than that each year, which means it will more than double the total lithium-ion batteries made each year globally. This wouldn’t be the government meddling in the market—it would be the government fixing a glitch in the market. But actually, the Earth’s fossil fuel supply is not endless—it’s endful. Standard suspension. Online Dictionaries: Definition of Options|Tips Options|Tips He has wrenched on enough of the brand's cars to know what doesn't work and why, and he isn't scared to call out Tesla for, say, engineering its infotainment display with a flash chip that's doomed to fail from overuse and brick the system. Interview: Baidu CEO Robin Li interviews Bill Gates and Elon Musk Energy is important. Again, the underlying reasons for this kind of ambition can vary. But sometimes, a small portion of carbon in the cycle drops out of the cycle for the long term—it happens when a plant or animal dies but for some reason doesn’t decay normally. “Hot explosions in cylinders pushing pistons back and forth to force metal bars to turn wheels and sending the resulting smoke billowing out of a pipe” sounds like an old-fashioned technology, and it’s just very odd that we’re still using it today. The tzero could go 250 miles on a single charge. That’s how a new, revolutionary technology always feels. I can't weld. With the muscle of steam in their toolkit, the inventors of the 18th century burst into innovation. You see, you can buy a Tesla, but you'll struggle to break free of the company's orbit even after you've handed over your money. There were the high barriers to entry that had prevented any startup car company from succeeding in almost a century; there was the unaccounted for cost of carbon emissions, which made starting an EV company like trying to stand out on a basketball court as a rookie when all the players except you can foul with no penalty; there was the gargantuan oil industry, which would do everything in its power to stomp on any effort to make it obsolete; and on top of that, the EV was a new kind of car whose development had essentially been on pause ever since EV makers threw in the towel a century earlier, and a daunting and costly catch-up process would lay ahead—the three concerns listed above would all need to somehow be addressed for this to have a chance. You don’t realize your Blackberry sucks until the iPhone exists. If EVs catch on in a serious way and end up being the ubiquitous type of car, oil companies are ruined. If EVs are the dominant car of the future, they have a long way to go to get there. By zooming in on one major piece of this puzzle—car emissions—and examining how it became a problem, why it’s still a problem, and the way we might solve that problem, we’ll get a better sense of what this entire struggle is really made of. Original auto box replaced by SD1 5 speed manual many years ago, engine replaced with 3.9 litre with Eddlebrook Stage 1 head, by R.P.I Engineering of Norwich in 2016, just 6,000 miles ago (full details on file), at same time fitted with Weber carb, new water pump, oil pump upgrade and converted to run on LPG – fully And those joules have gone a long way—you can thank them for the comforts and quality of your life today. Right now, the Model 3 battery costs around $20,000. Yahoo Finance: Tesla Motors Launches Revolutionary Supercharger Enabling Convenient Long Distance Driving I cannot think of one reason anyone would ever buy a gas car again. Electrical energy can be transferred … If there aren’t enough charging stations for long-trips, build an energy network of Superchargers. So this became the business plan: Step 1: High-priced, low-volume car for the super rich. Even if Tesla ditches the high-tech aluminum body, makes the car smaller, and ditches some of the fanciest things about the Model S, the battery pack alone makes a price like $35,000 impossible. So we’re either at the cusp of a new EV-dominated car era or in the middle of another little EV bubble before they vanish from existence again—and as you can see from the quotes above, the car industry is currently divided in which way they’re betting. Game over.”) Von Holzhausen went on, saying, “Another difference is that at other companies, engineering comes first—a design package is prescribed on the designer and they’re told to make it beautiful. The battle going on isn’t about gas cars vs. electric cars. Without being crazy extreme, for the worse case scenario, let’s say a high $4.00/gallon gas and a below-average 15 mpg—in that case, a mile in a gas car costs 27 cents per mile. Fact 2) Where Atmospheric CO2 Levels Go, Temperatures Follow, The ice cores dug up by scientists don’t just reveal the CO2 levels going backwards in time—they reveal temperature too. The battery also gets charge from an electric motor trick called regenerative braking. Here’s the combined world energy flow in 2007: The unit, PJ, is in petajoules. And if modern technology can allow individual people, businesses, or even whole cities to live without fossil fuels, it hints that the only era any of us has ever known might be soon coming to an end. It’s not a great system, but it works. In Central Africa, god made a lifestyle change and got a new job, working for the wealthiest families—huge step up the ladder for him. You could replace 70% of US gas car miles with EV miles with no changes to the grid. Biological horses got super upset if you tried to power them by fire, so again, humanity got innovating, and a couple decades later, there were big, metal horses everywhere with engine cylinders full of fire. 65 Followers, 3 Following, 22 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from 1001 Spelletjes (@1001spelletjes) How Tesla is solving the high-price problem: Big problems call for big solutions. Our intuition tells us that technology, social norms, movements and ideas just move forward through time, as if forward progress is a river and those things are on a raft gliding through. Benoit set out to build a cheap Model S, he ended up with a massive YouTube following, an independent EV repair shop, and a highly visible challenge to Tesla's iron-fisted control over its cars. Greed just wants sunlight—it doesn’t care how high up it is when it gets it. Bloomberg: Teslas in California Help Bring Dirty Rain to China Instead, if you use that electricity to split water, separate the hydrogen with extreme purity, pressurize it to crazy levels (or, even worse, liquefy), transfer it to a giant (even in liquid form) hydrogen storage tank in the car and then recombine it with oxygen to generate electricity, you would be lucky to get ~20% efficiency. With a steam engine, the fire burns outside the engine and heats steam inside the engine to make it work. He's especially proud of a sharp-edged ATV that takes design cues from the Tesla Cybertruck. The thing you’ll notice, though, is that every time you hear someone all mad about the long tailpipe emissions of EVs, they’re using wording like, “may be” and “often” and, in the case of Greg, “in some cases, some studies show.” That’s because you have to use words like that when you’re saying things that you wish were true but actually aren’t. As he does with most things, he brushed that off. The chemical is tasteless, but I know that drinking it regularly will cause customers immense harm a few decades down the road. Free supercharging. And Tesla was on its way. So they didn’t start from scratch on the body design, instead basing it on a Lotus Elise. They wanted to get rid of buttons altogether and have all controls on a huge, 17″ touchscreen—but when their first car came out, there was no iPad yet, and 17″ touchscreens suitable for a car didn’t exist. In his spare time, Ford sat in a little workshop next to his home playing around with the still-novel concept of the internal combustion engine, and in 1896, at the age of 32, he came up with what he called the Ford Quadricycle, powered by a simple internal combustion engine.24. A revenue-neutral carbon tax is revenue-neutral because any increase in government revenue as a result of the tax would be offset by an equal decrease in something else like income taxes. The most common electric vehicle you’ll see around today is the golf cart. Especially unimpressive is the transportation performance, where engines only end up using a quarter of the fuel they burn. Here’s how a typical barrel of US oil was broken down in 2014:6, The United States is by far the biggest consumer of oil in the world, consuming over 20% of the world’s oil and about double the next biggest consumer. They had some serious joules to work with now, which opened worlds of previously-unthinkable possibility. We use “the food chain” as a cute euphemism for this murder/theft cycle, and we use the word “eating” to refer to “stealing someone else’s joules and also murdering them too.” A “predator” is a dick who always seems to want your joules over everyone else’s, and “prey” is just some sniveling nerd you particularly like to bully and steal lunch money from. But when I look at these two animations next to each other—. This is Part 2 of a four-part series on Elon Musk’s companies. The LLNL also produces a chart showing the US carbon emissions and where they come from. The moment the CFO becomes CEO—it’s done. There are a handful of chemicals in our atmosphere that do the same thing—sun rays come in, bounce off the Earth, and they’re on their way out when the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere block some of them and spread them through the atmosphere, warming things up. From spy shots to new releases to auto show coverage, Car and Driver brings you the latest in car news. Or had the right person—the Henry Ford of EVs—just not come along yet? If you’re into Wait But Why, sign up for the Wait But Why email list and we’ll send you the new posts right when they come out. So humans got clever and started to figure out ways to get joules outside their bodies to do work for them—by doing that, humans could have their joules and eat them too. To put it another way, photosynthesis just kidnaps carbon and sun energy out of the atmosphere, and after years of holding them hostage, combustion sets them both free—the carbon as a billowing eruption of newly reunited CO2, and the sun energy as fire—meaning that fire is essentially just tightly packed sunshine. So should we be surprised that when the Tesla Model S came out, Consumer Reports anointed it the best car that had ever been made with an unheard of 99/100 rating, and that Tesla owners are across-the-board obsessed with the car? The Model S is already driving itself and soon, it’ll be able to drive itself to meet you out in the driveway in the morning with the temperature already set and the right music on; at night, you’ll be able to pull up to the house and just get out of the car and the car will park itself into the garage and plug itself in. Our modern world became as advanced as it is not by floating up an inevitable advancement river, but because of a collection of moments over time when a person or company has done something that makes everyone’s jaw drop. And this is one of them. Scientists debate how high that number can go before really dramatic changes start to happen. BBC: 50 years on: The Keeling Curve legacy It was to solve a bunch of long-standing EV shortcomings and build such an insanely great car that it could change everyone’s perception of what an EV could be and force the world’s big car companies to have to develop their own line of great EVs. Tesla can't be too thrilled with Benoit. The tree spent years quietly absorbing carbon molecules and sunshine joules, and all at once, during combustion, that carbon and sunshine explode back out into the world.8. In 1912, engineer Charles Kettering invented the electric car starter, eliminating the need to laboriously and dangerously hand crank your gas car on, and the newly invented muffler significantly reduced gas engine noise. The grainiest, choppiest black-and-white silent movies have become Pixar. Tesla’s Gigafactory will just barely cover Tesla’s needs—if a day comes when every car company is making a ton of EVs, there will need to be many Gigafactories built by many companies. It looks like this: 1) Almost everything we use will run on electricity. We all witnessed an example of this when Apple rocketed through the mobile phone canopy in 2007 and forced all of the other companies to make a smartphone or die. Back in 1910, people cited these exact same three concerns over electric cars, and they’re part of the reason gas cars won the day. – Biomass use is pretty substantial, and almost all of it comes from developing countries, many of them in Africa. 2) Transportation makes up a large chunk of the world’s energy flow, including near a third in most developed countries, and almost all the world’s transportation runs on petroleum. The studio, which I described in the last post, is a shiny playroom of art and physics. Fire was now powering our ships, our trains, our factories, and even the new wizardry of electricity, but individual transportation was still powered by hay like it was 1775—and late 19th century humanity knew we could do better. As I’ve heard people say, a world 100% full of Prius drivers is still a world 100% addicted to oil. Typewriters, which had seemed normal that morning, were suddenly ancient. Change doesn’t happen on a familiar landscape—change has to construct the landscape itself. Gas cars are locked where they are, and they’ll be stuck watching as the future pulls away from them. When we talk about car batteries, we don’t use joules because the numbers would be too big and inconvenient. His friends and family—his wife, in particular—were rooting for him. When a plant grows, it makes its own food through photosynthesis. The harm caused is now an unaccounted-for cost, also known as a negative externality, and my incentives are no longer aligned with the customer’s best interests. A lot of people have written about the hidden cost of carbon emissions, and many of them, on both sides of the political spectrum, have proposed a logical solution: a revenue-neutral carbon tax. Which doesn’t excite car owners very much. Granted, that doesn't include all the labor he put into the thing, but he considers that hobby time. The incredible innovation that often emerges from open democracies tends to come from pressures from below, in the bubbling cauldron of the free market—. 94% of the world’s transportation runs on oil, and in most developed countries, the percentage is even higher. When you read about EVs or talk to people about them, you’ll hear this theory come up again and again and again and again. So a food Calorie is 4,184 joules.↩, People would indicate the power of a particular steam engine by how many horses it could replace—the origin of the term “horsepower.”↩, When you see power lines on the street, all they’re doing is delivering the joules of a far-away fire to people’s homes. At its most oversimplified, during photosynthesis, the plant takes CO2 from the air7 and absorbs light energy from the sun to split the CO2 into carbon (C) and oxygen (O2). At that point, all hell breaks loose as everyone starts murdering everyone else so they can steal their joules. Tesla Model S – The electric car that shatters every myth, Elon Musk Says Self-Driving Tesla Cars Will Be in the U.S. by Summer, The Tesla Approach to Distributing and Servicing Car, Despite Quick Charging, Toyota Exec Says Electric Cars Won’t Work For Long Ranges, The Conversion of a Climate-Change Skeptic, Tesla Motors Launches Revolutionary Supercharger Enabling Convenient Long Distance Driving. Fact 3) The Temperature Doesn’t Need to Change Very Much to Make Everything Shitty, 18,000 years ago, global temperatures were about 5ºC lower than the 20th century average. Doesn’t solve the pricing problem. But the Tesla tree is racing upwards, and its impending burst through the canopy has successfully scared the industry. (Turns out, when you call BMW for support, all it asks is, "Cash or card? You have sites like this citing reports like this making charts that suggest that if we continue as is, we’re not very far from the end:13, Then you have sites like this citing the CIA World Factbook and reminding us that when oil and natural gas run out, the coal usage will ramp up, so we actually have even less time:14. By clearing out fog all the way to the bottom, I build a tree trunk in my head, and from then on, all new information can hold on, which makes that topic forever more interesting and productive to learn about. I had that feeling when I watched Steve Jobs introduce the iPhone in 2007. Musk says the price of the battery should go down by at least 30%. And integrity came first here, even at the expense of Musk potentially hating me at the end of it, if that’s what was necessary. Kind of an obvious point, but I never quite thought of it that way.↩, As far as reserves of traditional oil, the Middle East is king. 2) When it comes to energy density, driving range, and cost, the best case scenario for hydrogen cells is similar to where EV batteries are now, and EV batteries will get better with time. That something is a place that not only does good work but also educates owners and other mechanics to make that work more accessible—the kind of place Tesla doesn't want to exist. Except now it was the 19th century, and with our new appetite to burn, wood wouldn’t cut it anymore. Videos aside, Benoit reckons he clocked at least 500 hours of labor over the course of six months on that first Tesla. Regarding the effects of a 2ºC increase, in my research, I came across some credible sources saying 2º is an unnecessarily low ceiling and that we can afford to safely go higher and others saying that 2º is too high a target and that we’re underestimating how catastrophic a change of 2º would be. Coal only makes up 39% of US electricity production. In his new position, he started inventing things, one of which was the first-ever car, which he made as a toy for the emperor. smoke because you just lit a campfire in that cylinder—that then makes its way out of the car’s tailpipe. He was really focused on what the customer needed, even when the customer didn’t know what they needed.”. Musk is always quick to point out that for the moment, the US offers a $7,500 tax credit for buying an EV of sufficient range. Documentary: Who Killed the Electric Car? In certain cultures, the fear of failure is so strong that it outweighs desires like glory or great fortune, and the primary inner drive becomes to just make sure you’re passable. I could have broken this into multiple posts, but it’s all one story and I wanted to keep it all together. Here we look at it the other way around—the product is successful when it’s great, and the company becomes great because of that.” (This mirrored what Musk had told me earlier in the day: “The moment the person leading a company thinks numbers have value in themselves, the company’s done. Some thoughts: – The most consistent fact I noticed about all countries is how much petroleum (i.e. I was also surprised to see that only a small portion of US oil imports were from the Middle East, with only 12.5% of them coming from Saudi Arabia and 20% from the entire combined Persian Gulf. They’ll push upward only as needed, elbowing each other for little gains and victories as they vie for sunlight, mostly just trying to keep their spot in the canopy. Other companies are critical to the mission, because Tesla’s goal is to ramp production up to 500,000 cars, which is only around half a percent of the total cars made each year. As long as their burning desire makes them really want stuff, their drive to optimize will move technology forward. I’m not political because nothing could ever possibly be more annoying than American politics. Now let’s move to 2013 and look at the US energy flow. The sustainable energy world of the future—the yellow zone of our timeline from earlier in the post—is simple. Instead, we use kWh. Let’s bring back Tesla’s Hershey’s Kiss business plan from earlier: So Step 3 is what this is all about. And the other five days? The US is also one of the three biggest oil producers in the world, alongside Saudi Arabia and Russia, who all produce roughly the same amount.6. – That’s a whole lot of rejected energy on the right side. The IPCC also puts it at over 90% that the changes in both CO2 levels and temperature are caused by human activity (which is kind of like saying there’s over a 90% chance that a rain storm has been caused by cloud activity). 1 watt = 1 joule/second. He talks about the “cul-de-sac” effect that will begin to accelerate EV sales—i.e. Finally, there are electric cars, or EVs, like the Nissan Leaf, the BMW i3, the Ford Focus Electric, and the Tesla Model S. These are simple—there’s a big battery, which you charge, and it powers the electric motor. So the reason why, 112 years after Ford Motor Company’s founding, we’re still using harmful, old-fashioned engines is simple: none of the pressures on the car industry are pushing it to change. At a pretty typical 12,000 miles/year, that means at absolute best, gas is tied with electric for cost, and at worst, it costs over $3,000/year more to drive on gas.
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